Experts warn that common heart conditions increase the risk of developing dementia.

 Experts warn that common heart conditions increase the risk of developing dementia.

Taking care of your heart is crucial for maintaining brain health as you age, and starting early can make a significant difference, according to a recent statement from the American Heart Association (AHA).

 

“Dementia is often viewed as an inevitable disease that cannot be prevented,” said Dr. Fernando Testai, a neurology professor at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. “However, evidence suggests that a healthy lifestyle and early treatment of vascular risk factors can help preserve brain function and potentially reduce the impact of Alzheimer’s and other dementias.”

 

The AHA reports that nearly 130 million adults in the U.S. have some form of heart disease. Dr. Andrew Freeman, director of cardiovascular prevention and wellness at National Jewish Health in Denver, emphasizes the importance of adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle as early as possible. “This is especially urgent as many Americans are facing heart disease at younger ages,” he said. “We work hard, save for retirement, and then face serious health issues like heart attacks and dementia, which may be preventable with early action.”

 

Heart Disease and Cognitive Impairment

 

Coronary heart disease, characterized by plaque buildup in the arteries, is the leading global cause of death. The World Health Organization reported that deaths from this condition increased from 6.4 million in 2000 to 9.1 million in 2021. The impact of this disease extends to brain health; narrowed arteries from heart disease and high blood pressure can reduce blood flow to the brain, leading to cognitive decline.

 

According to the AHA, individuals with coronary heart disease face a 27% higher risk of developing dementia. This disease can start manifesting in one’s 40s or 50s, often without noticeable symptoms.

 

Heart Attacks and Cognitive Decline

 

In the U.S., someone experiences a heart attack approximately every 40 seconds. Following a heart attack, up to 50% of survivors may suffer some loss of brain function, with many experiencing cognitive decline. Heart failure, a more severe condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood, affects up to 81% of those diagnosed, leading to memory and cognitive difficulties.

 

Emerging research suggests a deep connection between heart health and brain health. For instance, vascular risk factors like diabetes can elevate beta-amyloid levels in the brain, a marker linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Conversely, beta-amyloid has been found in the heart and is associated with cardiac dysfunction.

 

Atrial Fibrillation and Cognitive Risks

 

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib) is an irregular heartbeat that significantly raises the risk of stroke and is linked to more severe strokes than those from other causes. People with A-fib are also at a 39% increased risk of memory and cognitive issues due to a higher occurrence of small brain bleeds.

 

Prioritizing Lifestyle Changes

 

While medications like statins can help manage heart disease, Dr. Freeman emphasizes that lifestyle changes are essential. Regular checkups and medication adherence are important, but they have limits. For instance, while aggressive treatment of high blood pressure may reduce mild cognitive impairment, it does not prevent dementia.

 

Key Lifestyle Factors for Brain Health

 

Prioritize Sleep: Quality sleep enhances mood, energy, and cognitive function. Aim for seven to eight hours of uninterrupted sleep each night to support brain health.

 

Focus on Nutrition: A plant-based diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, can lower dementia risk by 31%, even for those with existing health conditions.

 

Manage Stress: High cortisol levels can harm cognitive function. Reducing stress through sleep, healthy eating, and social connections is vital.

 

Stay Active: Regular physical activity is crucial. Aim for 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week, along with strength training. Even brisk walking can significantly lower dementia risk.

 

Dr. Freeman notes, “Physical activity is magnificent for overall health. When combined with a plant-based diet, stress management, adequate sleep, and social connections, it creates a powerful formula for longevity and brain health.”