Why Do Women Get Anemia More Often Than Men?

Anemia is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, but women are disproportionately affected. In fact, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia affects over 30% of women of reproductive age globally, compared to about 12% of men. So what’s behind this gender gap?

Let’s take a closer look at the reasons why women are more likely to become anemic and what can be done about it.

What Is Anemia?

Anemia occurs when your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. The most common type is iron-deficiency anemia, which happens when the body doesn't have enough iron to produce hemoglobin — the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

Why Women Are More at Risk

1. Menstruation

One of the biggest contributors to anemia in women is monthly blood loss due to menstruation. Every month, women of reproductive age lose blood, and with it, iron. For those with heavy periods (a condition called menorrhagia), the risk of iron deficiency and anemia is even higher.

2. Pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman's body needs significantly more iron to support the growing baby and placenta. Without adequate dietary iron or supplementation, pregnant women can quickly become anemic. Anemia during pregnancy can also increase the risk of complications like preterm birth and low birth weight.

3. Dietary Gaps

Women — especially those following vegetarian or vegan diets — may not get enough iron-rich foods. Iron from plant sources (non-heme iron) is also less easily absorbed by the body than iron from animal sources (heme iron). On top of that, many women may consume less food overall than men, leading to lower overall iron intake.

4. Higher Risk of Certain Health Conditions

Some conditions that are more common in women — such as autoimmune diseases, uterine fibroids, or gastrointestinal issues like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease — can lead to chronic blood loss or interfere with nutrient absorption, increasing the risk of anemia.

How to Lower the Risk

Although women are more vulnerable to anemia, there are steps they can take to prevent or manage it:

Eat a balanced, iron-rich diet: Include foods like lean red meat, poultry, fish, beans, lentils, spinach, and iron-fortified cereals.
Pair iron-rich foods with vitamin C: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Try combining foods like spinach (iron) with orange juice (vitamin C).
Consider supplements: Iron supplements may be recommended, especially during pregnancy or if you’re diagnosed with anemia.
Talk to your doctor: If you have heavy periods or symptoms of anemia, it’s important to get tested and treated early.

Final Thoughts

Women face unique biological and lifestyle factors that put them at greater risk for anemia — particularly iron-deficiency anemia. Awareness, good nutrition, and regular health check-ups can go a long way in preventing and managing this condition.

If you’re feeling unusually tired, dizzy, or weak, it might be worth checking your iron levels. A simple blood test could make a big difference in your energy, focus, and overall health.

Why Do Women Get Anemia More Often Than Men?